Hanoch (1997)曾指出科学哲学家时常使用相信、需求、希 4 望等心智状态来描绘我们的命题态度(propositional attitudes)。Purton (1998) 在其博士论文 中提到在心理状态中被提及的「心智概念，包括：怀疑某人、喜爱某件事、个体在特定区 域的痛苦、...
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However, the causal efficacy of propositional attitudes here is based on the syntactic properties of the attitudes.
然而，在这里，命题态度的因果效力是通过命题态度的句法性质而得到论证的。
The intentional realist argument made by symbol computationalists is to show that propositional attitudes with semantic properties are causally efficacious.
符号计算主义的意向实在论论证的要点，是表明具有语义性质的命题态度的因果效力。
This raises problems for the intentional realist argument: How is the semantic property of the propositional attitudes causally relevant to the behaviours of the cognitive system?
这就给符号计算主义的意向实在论论证带来了问题：命题态度的语义性质如何能够对认知系统的行为具有因果相关性?。
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