Therefore, a new discipline blending computer science, programming, statistics and machine learning should be added to the traditional foundational topics of mathematics and physics.

因此，在传统的数学和物理基础课题之外，应该增加一门融合了计算机科学、编程、统计学和机器学习的新学科。

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XML is a common data representation that can be used as the medium of exchange between programs that are written in different programming languages and execute different kinds of machine instructions.

XML是一种通用数据表达法。在使用不同程序语言编写的程序和执行不同的机器指令之间，可以使用XML作为交换媒介。

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One of the programming problems most likely to call for an explicit state machine involves processing text files.

最可能调用显式状态机的一个编程问题涉及到处理文本文件。

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The machine does not allow modifications to its ROM (because it has an O in the middle), but the team was able to use a technique called return-oriented programming to modify how the machine executes existing code, taking the bits they want and, ultimately, devising a way to re-program its behavior by simply inserting a cartridge into a slot -- presumably after blowing on it for good luck.

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By renting out cloud-based computers by the hour, companies could run any OS, software or programming language on a powerful virtual machine.

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In fact, all programming exists at a certain level of abstraction, from machine language on up to preference settings in consumer user interfaces.

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