The viral DNA is injected through the tail into the host cell, where it directs the production of progeny phages.

该病毒DNA通过尾巴注入宿主细胞，在这里指导后代噬菌体的产生。

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It refers to the release of the viral genome from its protective capsid to enable the nucleic acid to be transported within the cell and transcribed to form new progeny virions.

它指的是将病毒基因组从它的保护性衣壳中释放出来，使核酸能在细胞内转运并能转录以形成新的子代病毒。

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Rapid advances in stem cell biology have raised exciting possibilities of replacing damaged or lost tissues and cells by activation of in vitro-expanded stem cells or their progeny.

迅速前进在干细胞生物学举起替换损坏或者丢失组织和细胞以在试管内扩大的干细胞或者他们的子孙的活动的令人激动可能性。

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All of the cells that are reproduced during development are the same in certain ways, they contain the same DNA, they're all progeny of the same fertilized egg, but differences are acquired within specific cell populations during the process of development.

所有在发育过程中繁殖的细胞,在某些方面都是一样的,它们都有相同的DNA,都是同一个受精卵的后代,但是分化是在特定细胞类群,发育过程中必不可少的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选