Teaching is supposed to be a professional activity requiring long and complicated training as well as official certification.

教学常被视作一种职业行为，需要经过长期复杂的训练，并需要获得官方的认可。

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The official morals, as the summation of moral rules in the official professional activity, expresses axiologically the interrelation among official duties, power and benefits.

公务员道德是公务员职业活动中的道德规范之总称，是公务员职业的责、权、利之间关系的价值表达。

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As such, Virtuous Leadership is offered to executives and aspiring executives regardless of their graduation from whatever universities or their sector of professional activity.

《以德服人的领导能力》同样适用于经理主管人员以及立志成为经理主管人员的人士，不管他们毕业于哪所大学或来自职业活动的哪个领域。

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If the rental real estate activities are section 162 trades or businesses, the rules in section 469(c)(7) and Sec. 1.469-9 will apply in determining whether a rental real estate activity of a real estate professional is a passive activity for purposes of section 1411(c)(2)(A).

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They will watch the reports in coming weeks to get a more steady reading on jobless claims, while unemployment is still being reflected in the still subdued consumer spending activity and slow hiring in construction and professional business services.

FORBES: Jobless Claims Drop Alongside Jump In Manufacturing Orders

However, if the rental real estate activities of the real estate professional are not section 162 trades or businesses, the gross income from rents derived from such activity will not be excluded under section 1411(c)(1)(A)(i) by the ordinary course of a trade or business exception.

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