Patent protection operates as a stimulus for research and development for new products, but the quest is for products that generate a profit.

专利保护可刺激新产品的研究和开发，但目标是要获得可产生利润的产品。

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Mr Pilat said that the bulk of the spending in China was on development work, to alter products for the fast-growing Chinese market, rather than basic scientific research.

派拉特表示，中国大部分研发开支都用于开发方面，主要针对快速增长的中国市场进行产品改进，而非基础性的科研工作。

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Germany has done pretty well with cars, machines and chemicals, medium-tech products as measured by the share of turnover invested in research and development (R&D).

在汽车，机械和化工品方面，如果人们用研发在投资收益比中所占的份额来衡量这些中等技术产品，德国的表现历来都很好。

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The cleaning products industry dedicates an enormous amount of resources to assuring the safety of products, including many millions of dollars in research, development and testing before products ever hit the shelves.

FORBES: Five Things You Should Know Before You Clean Your House

The investment will be used to boost production facilities and fund research and development of products.

BBC: LG Group unveils plans to boost investment

Last year, for the first time, spending by Apple and Google on patent lawsuits and unusually big-dollar patent purchases exceeded spending on research and development of new products, according to public filings.

FORBES: More than $20 Billion Spent on Patent Litigation in Two Years