Process characterization is a prerequisite for process validation. In Chapter 3, a description of how to carry out thorough and consistent process characterization is presented.
工艺特性鉴定是工艺验证的先决条件，在第三章中，出现了描述如何进行彻底的和连续的工艺特性鉴定。
The dispersion, double electrical layers theory, drying methods, surface modification and characterization methods in preparing process of nanometer particles were introduced in this article.
介绍了纳米粒子制备过程中的分散、表面双电层理论、干燥方法、表面修饰与表征方法。
SEM, UV-vis spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques were used for characterization of assembly process.
用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、紫外可见光谱和电化学技术对组装过程进行了表征。
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