Retailers have increased their power by developing their own brands, or private labels.

零售商们已经依靠自有品牌或者自有商标增强了实力。

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In many countries the growth of private labels is spilling over from food to household goods and personal-care products.

许多国家的私有商标的增长，从食品向家居商品和个人护理用品蔓延。

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Most are shipped to the U.S. and sold under private labels by Home Depot Inc., Wal-Mart Stores Inc. and other retailers.

其中大多被运往美国，在家得宝(Home Depot Inc .)、沃尔玛连锁公司(Wal - Mart Stores Inc .)等零售商的店铺里作为自营品牌销售。

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Department stores like private labels because they command 20% higher profit margins than their designer counterparts.

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But in many categories, like beer and baby food, private labels are irrelevant, with less than 2%market share.

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In addition, the exclusivity that private labels provide generates customer loyalty, especially among more upscale middle class consumers.

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