Aimed at the universal laws of system design while exploiting forestry GIS, this article did a concrete research to the principles and methods of system design.

针对林业地理信息系统开发时，系统设计的普遍性规律，具体探讨系统设计的原则及方法。

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With an introduction of the basic principles of geographic information system (GIS), the paper discussed its application in petroleum exploration and development.

本文在介绍地理信息系统(G IS)基本原理的基础上，论述了它在石油勘探与开发中的应用。

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This paper describes the principles and methodology to express bidirectional reflection (BDR) properties of ground targets by using direct radiative remotely sensed image under the support of GIS.

该文讨论了一种在GIS支持下利用直射辐射遥感图象研究地物双向反射特性的原理和方法。

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