This paper introduces the principal theory, process and test technology of variable optical attenuator.

本文分析了集成化可变光学衰减器的工作原理、工艺制作和测试技术。

youdao

This article builds single and double principal-agent theory models and studies measures to reduce agent cost by using dividend policy as an observable variable.

本文将股利政策作为一个可观测变量引入单层、双重委托代理模型，详细分析了降低代理成本的途径。

youdao

An improved PCA is presented which USES principal-component-related variable residual (PVR) statistic and Common variable residual (CVR) statistic to replace SPE statistic.

该方法采用主元相关变量残差(PVR)和一般变量残差(CVR)统计量代替SPE统计量用于过程监测。

youdao

With the majority of CDOs being backed by mortgages, the principal-only tranche has a known future cash flow, but at a variable rate of return, while the interest-only tranche has both an unknown cash flow and an unknown rate of return on that cash flow.

FORBES: 3 Bonds You May Have Never Heard Of

Variable annuities with living benefits "can be complicated, " says Tim Holmes, principal at Vanguard.

WSJ: Cheaper Annuities With Living Some Benefits