On the other hand, concentration of stores leads to fiercer price competition (i. e. price cutting effect).

另一方面，商店的集中也会带来激烈的价格竞争，这就是降价效应。

youdao

The paper calculates the dynamic philips curve and argues that the effect of the output gap on price tends to decline, i. e. , the slope of philips curve is becoming smaller.

本文测算了我国菲利普斯曲线的动态变化，得出了产出缺口的变动对物价的影响基本呈现稳定的下降趋势的结论，即菲利普斯曲线逐渐变得平缓。

youdao

For a real-world example of the effect of lower search costs, think of today's e-reader price wars.

ECONOMIST: Economics focus