The costs of care, including the price of medicines, can be an absolute constraint for impoverished households, especially when expenses are covered by out-of-pocket payments.

医疗费用，包括药费，对贫穷家庭可构成绝对的制约，尤其当需要用现金支付费用时。

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The theory of monopoly is applicable to such firms, although they may face an additional and important constraint: a price increase may affect the behavior of rivals.

垄断理论对这类公司也适用，虽然他们会多一个重要的限制条件，即涨价可能影响其竞争者的行为。

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Aim at the characteristics of perishable product, a different constraint term on transshipment price is proposed and the expected systemic profit model is set up too.

针对易逝品的特点，提出了调剂价格的特殊约束条件并建立了联盟期望利润模型。

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The shuttering of various European and U.S. northeast refinery operations of late due to unfavorable margins and a difficult lending environment could also eventually lead to supply-constraint driven gasoline price spikes when demand starts to pick up again towards the summer peak driving season period, say analysts.

FORBES: Spiking Summer Gas Prices to Ding Home Sales, Consumer Confidence

An additional constraint is the make-whole premium, which is ultimately the highest price a bond can obtain.

FORBES: Call Me Maybe? DFS Bond Issue Highlights Make-Whole Refinancing Opportunity