Investment Banks' profits, and bonus pools, are back near pre-crisis levels.

投资银行的利润和分红池也回到接近经济危机前的水平。

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Banks such as JPMorgan Chase, which face more-stringent regulation (relatively) than investment Banks, such as the pre-2008 Goldman Sachs, have a debt-to-equity ratio of 13-to-1 or so.

和投资银行比——如2008年前的高盛——像摩根大通这样的银行则被严格监管，它的债权比(杠杆率)只有13：1左右。

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International capital costs will therefore be higher and investment rates lower over the next several years when compared with the pre-crisis boom period.

因此，在未来若干年，与危机前的繁荣期相比，国际资本成本将会上升，投资率也会下降。

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Though it has handled this metamorphosis skilfully, it has remained less of a force than, well, Morgan Stanley, now the world's pre-eminent investment bank.

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While equity is not always secure, coverage of senior debt is a pre-requisite for investment grade equity issues.

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In that pre-carbon offset as investment world, the point of mass environmentalism through media was mostly public awareness.

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