The influence of surface subsidence on ground building, caused by shield tunneling is concerned by more people, but the key of this problem is to pre-estimate the surface subsidence.

盾构掘进法开挖隧道引起的地表沉降对地面建筑物影响在地下工程施工中越来越受到人们的关注，而这个问题的关键是要对地表沉降进行预估。

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The pre-sale estimate for "Waterloo Bridge" was set at an enticing level to attract bidders.

FORBES: Monet's Moody Masterpiece

Its pre-sale estimate is quoted net of buyers' premium, VAT, the artist's resale tax (or droit de suite, as it is usually known), and any other extra cost.

ECONOMIST: Sugaring the pill at this week��s auctions

However, there is also a psychological reason why pre-sale estimates and post-sale prices are calculated differently: a pre-sale estimate that is quoted net of costs is lower, which helps attract potential bidders.

ECONOMIST: Sugaring the pill at this week��s auctions