This would require a new licensing application, including conducting of new manufacturing validation studies; and pre-clinical and clinical studies.

这将需要提出新的许可申请，包括开展新的生产验证研究，以及临床前和临床研究。

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Some universities offer a degree in pre-medicine as preparation for graduate programs that lead to licensing as a physician.

一些大学提供医学预科专业，为申请内科医生许可证的研究生课程做了准备。

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Lays bricks, pre-cut stone and other types of building blocks in mortar to construct and repair walls, partitions, arches and other structures. Registration or licensing may be required.

砌砖、预先切割石头和其它类型的建筑砌块，以用于建造和修理墙壁、隔板和其它结构。

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At the same time, computer makers such as Dell and HP have been exploiting clauses in the licensing terms that let them rollback machines with Vista pre-installed to the older operating system.

BBC: Downgrade plan for Windows 7 PCs