The SPD R&D includes five modules: SPD bias voltage, pre-amplification, avalanche signal extraction, temperature control and digital control circuit.

将单光子探测器的研制分为偏置电压、前置放大、雪崩信号提取、温度控制和数字控制电路五个模块。

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A complete solution was given in the receiving circuit design to solve the technical problems such as high-voltage bias circuit and the pre-amplifier design.

接收电路设计给出了完整的解决方案，解决了高压偏置电路、前置放大器的设计等技术难题。

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A funnel plot is a useful tool to assess bias in systematic review. The methods of control the bias involved in pre-registering the clinical trials, publish...

偏倚评估的方法常用漏斗图，控制方法包括预先注册临床试验、发布研究信息、系统评价时全面收集所有发表和未发表的临床试验。

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And it ends the bias many insurance companies have shown against those with pre-existing conditions, while focusing on innovative preventive care and wellness programs.

CNN: Commentary: Health bill could handicap small businesses

The National Security Council's pre-eminence is not necessarily a problem, but it does reflect the president's domestic bias.

ECONOMIST: Foreign policy