The man who most consider the greatest sculptor of the 17th century, Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680), redesigned the square from 1656 to 1667, under the direction of Pope Alexander VII.

乔·劳伦佐·贝尼尼(1598 - 1680)被公认为是17世纪最伟大的雕塑家。在教皇亚历山大七世的授意下，贝尼尼于1656年至1667年间，重新设计了梵蒂冈教堂前的广场。

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The time of this project coincided with a large Marian trend: in 1661, Pope Alexander VII declared the Immaculate Conception (though it didn't become a dogma of the church until 1854).

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