In polygynous families in the Novels of Ming and Qing Dynasties, the positions of wife, concubine and servant girls were different.
作者通过对明清小说中家庭女性地位的研究，认为在男性多偶家庭中，妻、妾、婢的地位高低有别。
In 16 of the 19 polygynous species in their sample, males of all ages were much more likely to die during any given period than were females.
在19个一夫多妻制物种样本中，16个物种的雄性中，各个年龄阶段的样本在给定的时间段中都比雌性更易死亡。
We apply the Trivers-Willard prediction - that mothers in poor condition will overproduce daughters - to a novel measure of condition, namely wife rank within a polygynous marriage.
Trivers-Willard 假说提出：贫穷的母亲更容易生女孩。 我们将其应用到一个研究母亲状况的新方法中—即在一夫多妻制家庭中妻子的地位。
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