This formula doesn't tell you which way it's pointing, because it's a scaler; it's not a vector equation.
这个式子没有说明方向,因为这是一个标量而非矢量方程
It's good to have a vector pointing in the radial direction of length one.
所以引入这么一个模长为 1,方向沿圆心向外辐射的矢量作用很大
So the minus vector is the same vector flipped over, pointing the opposite way.
因此负矢量即为同一矢量的翻转,指向相反的方向
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