In the 1970s, scientists isolated bacterial plasmids.

20世纪70年代，科学家分离出了细菌的原生质。

youdao

The same should apply to bacterial strains, plasmids, etc.

对于菌种、质粒也是如此。

youdao

The resistant plasmids can be transferred to other bacterial through conjugation and transformation, it is very important in the outbreak of KB infection.

耐药质粒可通过接合转移方式转移至其他细菌，这在多重耐药克雷伯氏菌暴发流行中具有重要意义。

youdao

In this particular example here we're exposing these plasmids to bacterial cells.

我举一个特别的例子,我们把这些质粒暴露给细菌

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选