Investigations by Britain's domestic security service, MI5, can include undercover surveillance, phone tapping and communications intercepts.

NPR: UK Soldier Slaying Suspects Had Been Investigated

He and former News of the World royal editor Clive Goodman were jailed over royal phone tapping in 2007.

BBC: Paul Gascoigne becomes hacking test case

In Australia, bugging and phone tapping are regulated separately but priority is given in both sets of legislation to individual privacy.

ECONOMIST: Anxiety about wiretapping