The bottom line is that pharmaceutical companies as a whole invest more in marketing than they do in research and development.

底线是，制药公司整体上在市场营销上的投资要多于在研发上的投资。

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When a pharmaceutical company has a new drug, it applies to Health Canada for a licence to sell it.

当一家制药公司有一种新药时，它会向加拿大卫生部申请销售许可证。

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Rarely do patients watch a doctor write with a pen that isn't emblazoned with a drug's name, or see a nurse use a tablet not bearing a pharmaceutical company's logo.

"很少有病人看到医生使用没有印有药品名称的笔，也很少看到护士使用没有医药公司标识的药片。

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Scott LaGanga,director of PhRMA, a leading pharmaceutical research and manufacturing company, says it's easy and profitable to sell look-alike,low quality drugs.

VOA: standard.2010.06.07

But here, for example, the idea is to make many copies of a protein for use as a pharmaceutical.

不过这里,举例来说,这个构想是把蛋白质作为药物来量产

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Western countries, and especially the United States say, "We have a big pharmaceutical industry that develops new drugs.

西方国家，尤其是美国宣称，我们拥有研发新药品的大制药业。

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Another novel aspect of the UCSF research is that it doesn't involve a pharmaceutical company as a backer.

CNN: Vaccine may shift odds against deadly brain cancer

The leap from a pharmaceutical giant to a tiny biotechnology company was jarring.

FORBES: Magazine Article

Dr. Pham says he's looking forward to being able to start a pharmaceutical company and a medical clinic in Vietnam.

NPR: Vietnamese Americans Aren't Ready to Forget Past