However, a vertical line sitting perpendicular to the top and bottom of the canvas has more of a tendency to convey a sense of height.

然而，与画布顶端和底端垂直的竖线往往更适于传递高度之感。

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Unusually tall columns, flying buttresses, towering spires, and narrow windows, all create vertical lines that appear to jut out perpendicular to the surface of the Earth.

这些建筑常常有高高的柱子、飞拱、高耸的尖塔和逼仄的窗子，所有这些都构造出竖线，看上去，都突出来与地表垂直。

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Non-radial Imperfection. A non-radial imperfection may be defined as any imperfection whose vertical axis is not perpendicular (it's at an angle) to the material surface.

非径向缺欠。非径向缺欠可定义为其纵轴不垂直于（存在一个角度）材料表面的任何缺欠。

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