permanent shock
永久的冲击
以上为机器翻译结果，长、整句建议使用 人工翻译 。
It takes a real, permanent shock to get any real effects, and suffice to say the American political system is unlikely to ever pass a gas tax high enough to drive these kinds of changes.
FORBES: Raising Gas Taxes Wouldn't Cut Consumption, But It Still Makes Sense
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