In the second half of the millennium, in the south around the city of Uruk, there was an enormous escalation in the area occupied by permanent settlements.

在这一千年中的下半叶，在乌鲁克城南方附近，被永久定居点占用的地域在大幅增加。

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The researchers identified seven major adaptive responses, including increased mobility, relocation of permanent settlements, changes in subsistence foods, and reliance on trade with other groups.

研究人员发现了七种主要的适应性反应，包括增加流动性、永久定居点的搬迁、维持生计的食物的变化以及依赖与其他群体的贸易。

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It will never be known how and when this numeration ability developed, but it is certain that numeration was well developed by the time humans had formed even semi-permanent settlements.

我们永远也不会知道这种计算能力是何时、如何发展起来的，但可以肯定的是，在人类形成半永久定居点的时候，这种计数法已经发展得很好了。

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He added that the discovery provided a unique opportunity to learn more about the earliest permanent settlements in prehistoric Britain and how such sites developed at a time when new practices were being adopted.

BBC: Kingsmead Quarry dig unearths Neolithic settlement

With the comfort of permanent agricultural settlements came uncomfortable new scourges such as intestinal parasites, bad teeth and the fouling of the water supply.

ECONOMIST: Food in history

The scheme appears to break the Oslo agreements in that it unilaterally alters the status both of the city and of the settlements: issues that were explicitly put on hold pending the permanent-status negotiations.

ECONOMIST: Tampering with Jerusalem