abstract:The Penn effect is the economic finding associated with what became the Penn World Table that real income ratios between high and low income countries are systematically exaggerated by gross domestic product (GDP) conversion at market exchange rates. It has been a consistent econometric result for at least fifty years.
Her team will be anxiously studying the opinion polls over the next few days, to see what effect - if any - the Mark Penn controversy has had on those working class voters, on whom she is depending for victory.