A unified framework for constructing penalty functions of multiobjective programming problems is offered.

给出了一种构造多目标规划罚函数的统一框架。

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The optimization with single-objective and single-constraint is realized by using a technique of multiplier penalty functions.

在此基础上，采用乘子惩罚函数法进行求解，并通过算例证明该方法的正确性和可行性。

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Nondifferentiable exact penalty functions are used to transform a constrained optimization problem into a single unconstrained optimization problem.

借助不可微精确罚函数把约束问题转化为单个无约束问题来处理。

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Finally, he states exactly how he thinks the penalty functions, regardless of what Congress thought when it was writing the law.

FORBES: Barnett: Mandate May Be A Tax, But It Sure Isn't A Requirement