The network externality and heterogeneity in the demand side have the contrary impacts on the convergence of payment instruments.

需求方的网络外部性和异质性这两个特质对支付工具形态演变的收敛具有相反的作用力量。

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In recent years some electronic payment instruments have put into use, such as electronic purse, electronic pocketbook and electronic check, etc.

近年来已经有一些电子支付工具在商品交易的支付中使用，例如电子钱包、电子钱夹、电子支票等。

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Subprime, interest-only and other kinds of mortgage instruments allowed people to buy their homes without a down-payment and without building up equity.

次级、付息及其它抵押借款工具允许人们在不预付定金和资本净值未不断增值的情况下购买房屋。

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The open nature of the wallet allows a variety of payment instruments to be loaded, this truly is an online replacement for the physical wallet.

ENGADGET: MasterCard announces MasterPass digital banking service, gives Australia and Canada first dibs

We are impressed by the wallet's design allowing payment instruments and delivery addresses to be easily added or selected to complete the order checkout process.

ENGADGET: MasterCard announces MasterPass digital banking service, gives Australia and Canada first dibs

"Regrettably, the announcement was made without an assessment of the costs and benefits, or a plan or timetable for managing the process, or an indication of what alternative payment instruments might need to be created, " the letter said.

BBC: Cheque use given backing by government minister