It is justified that the integral of the gauge potential along path of not only electron but also scalar particle or spinor particle will contribute a geometric phase factor.
证明了规范场不仅沿入射电子在复连通区域运动路径的积分，而且还可沿入射标量或其他旋量粒子之一在复连通区域的运动路径积分，各自都将贡献一几何相因子。
New methods of measurements of specimen thickness and non-elastically scattering mean free path are proposed based on the electron holograph combining with electron dynamic diffraction.
而且，在电子全息照片和电子动力衍射相结合的基础上我们提出了一种测量电镜样品厚度和样品非弹性散射自由程的新方法。
The imaginary part of the complex self energy of electron provides spatial and angular dependent differential inverse inelastic mean free path (DIIMFP).
电子复自能的虚部给出了空间和角度相关的微分倒数非弹性平均自由程(diimfp)。
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