These changes conspicuously lead to passive influence to Russian interests in this region.
这些变革显然将对俄罗斯在该地区的影响力产生削弱作用。
On the other hand, it is a passive influence, which hinder the language teaching and learning.
一方面是消极的影响，对教与学形成阻碍。
The active influence on study is called the positive transference, and the passive influence is called negative transference.
对学习产生积极影响的是正迁移，产生消极影响的是负迁移。
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