According to the changes of the fitness, updated the inertia weight of each particle after each iteration to achieved a self-adaptive adjustment of global search ability and local search capabilities.

在每次迭代时，算法可根据粒子的适应度变化动态改变惯性权重，从而使算法具有动态自适应性全局搜索与局部搜索能力。

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By introducing the nonlinear variation weight and mutational operation into the standard particle swarm algorithm to ensuring the overall convergence and enhance the accuracy of convergence.

在标准粒子群算法中引入非线性变化权重和变异操作来保证全局收敛并提高收敛精度。

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The frictional force between a particle and fluid counterbalances the weight of the particle.

颗粒与流体之间的摩擦力与其重量相平衡。

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Half of the atoms in a five-nanometre particle are on its surface, which can make it many times more toxic than expected by weight alone.

ECONOMIST: The risk in nanotechnology