"That points to high participation by retail investors, " he said.

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Her instructor, Amanda Eckhardt, testified this week that she stood by the grade, saying Thode failed to behave professionally and thus earned zero out of 25 points in class participation, bumping her down a full letter grade.

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The jobless rate inched down a tenth of a point at 7.7%, as the size of the labor force declined by 496, 000 and participation fell 0.2 percentage points to 63.3%.

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