VAT fraud, in which tax is charged as part of a transaction but not surrendered to any government, has long been a problem in the market.

增值税欺诈一直是该市场的一个问题，它是指税赋已经作为交易的一部分征收，但并未向任何政府上缴。

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For transactions, this could mean that a service that is part of a transaction calls another service that is also part of the transaction.

对于事务，这可能意味着，作为事务一部分的服务可能调用了同是该事务一部分的另一个服务。

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This is also true in the third transaction, where the system part of the credit bureau transaction is a subset of the actor part of the third transaction.

这对于第三个事务处理也是一样的，商业资信咨询机构事务处理的系统部分是第三个事务处理的参与者部分的一个子集。

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The multi-part transaction being discussed for Jet Airways' sale to Etihad will first involve the transfer of all of Mr. Goyal's Tail Winds shares to a new company.

WSJ: Jet Airways Founder to Take Step for Etihad Deal

For a detailed analysis of the business operations, please read our articles, MasterCard?s Business Overview (Part 1): Assessment And Transaction Fee Income and MasterCard Overview (Part 2): Cross-Border Fees, Other Revenues And Rebates.

FORBES: Quick Takes

For the most part, the transaction can be a win-win situation.

FORBES: Avoid Foreclosure: Properly Handling An Underwater Mortgage