物像共轭点（Conjugate Points）： 3、近轴区域（Paraxial Region） 1 1 1 1 ( ) ( ) n n Q r l r l ——阿贝不变量Q (物/像共轭) n n n n l l r —— 阿贝不...
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Numerical computations show that paraxial approximation gives almost the same accuracy in the paraxial region as complex ray method but spends much...
所得数字结果表明，在波束的近轴区域内为获得同样的计算精度，近轴近似法所需要的计算机时间远小于复射线追综法的时间。
Numerical computations show that paraxial approximation gives almost the same accuracy in the paraxial region as complex ray method but spends much less computer time.
所得数字结果表明，在波束的近轴区域内为获得同样的计算精度，近轴近似法所需要的计算机时间远小于复射线追综法的时间。
The cathode of the gun may be partially shielded magnetically. The paraxial-ray equation for describing the electron trajectory in the accelerating region is solved in closed form.
阴极处磁场可以具有任意屏蔽程度，得到了在加速场内描写电子轨迹的傍轴方程的解析解。
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