The workshop will start with a review of item response theory, both parametric and non-parametric approaches will be introduced.
课程将从项目反应理论开始，并介绍相关的参数方法和非参数方法。
The empirical investigation verifies the feasibility and the utility of the non-parametric approaches of TFP measurement and decompositions.
在此基础上对工业生产率增长进行了实证测算，验证了方法的可行性与实用性。
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