In addition to being associated with sleep, both chemicals are also intimately involved in what is called "pair bonding," the social attachment human mates commonly share.

加之关系到睡眠，这两种化学物质也与所谓的“雌雄结合”密切相关——人类社会的配偶常常分享“雌雄结合”产生的感情依属。

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"If you take the promiscuity that is the main feature of chimp society, and replace it with pair bonding, you get many of the most important features of human society," he said.

“如果把杂交看做黑猩猩社会的主要特征，然后把它换成成对组合，你会得到很多人类社会的重要特征，”他说。

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That's what we call when we have three bonding atoms and one lone pair.

这是当我们有3个成键电子，和一个孤对时这样称它。

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If these bonds were all completely of equal distance apart, whether is was a lone pair or bonding electrons, 5° the angles would be 109 . 5 degrees.

如果不管它是孤对，还是成键，它们等距分开的话，键角是109。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Yeah, so also 4. We started with 10 valence electrons, we used up 6 of those as bonding electrons, so we have 4 left, which will be lone pair electrons.

对，也是四个，我们从十个价电子开始，只用了六个来成键，因此我们还剩下四个，它们将成为孤对电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So if we take a look at nitrogen here, what you'll notice is we have thre available for bonding, - and we already have our lone pair -- one of our orbitals is already filled up.

如果我们看一下氮原子，我们注意到我们可以成3个键，我们已经有一个孤对-,其中的一个轨道已经被填满了。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选