In 1993, he needed back surgery to relieve pain caused from decades of walking.

1993年，他需要做背部手术来减轻数十年行走带来的疼痛。

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But unlike the chronic pain associated with her knee, the pain of surgery and physical therapy eventually disappeared.

但与膝盖的慢性痛不同，手术和理疗的疼痛最后都消失了。

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And after? Doctors visits, surgery, chemo, hair loss, pain.

此后呢？便是问诊、手术、化疗、脱发，以及病痛。

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Anyone who has ever had to recover from surgery or a serious injury was probably grateful for the powerful narcotics doctors prescribed to help ease the pain.

VOA: standard.2010.05.04

For example, if a person is a recovering addict he or she might want to minimize opiate based pain medication after surgery.

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Aggressive strategies for pain relief, like surgery, are expensive and risky, and they often don't help.

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