Prior to this, scientists detected pain in mice from reflex reactions, like heat to the tail makes the tail flick.

在此之前，科学家们在对老鼠进行反射实验时也察觉到了它们的疼痛反应，比如高温会让老鼠的尾巴上下拍动。

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"Soul" is the instinctive conditional reflex of human sense organs, such as starvation, sleepiness, hunger, tiredness, pain, ache, itch, etc.

“魂”是人体感官本能的条件反射，如饿、困、饥、劳、疼、痛、痒等等。

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Abdominal surgery on more of an adverse respiratory effects of the main factors are: to stimulate the diaphragm, the incision pain, reflex nerve stimulation, such as pulmonary hypertension.

上腹部手术更易对呼吸造成不良影响，主要影响因素有：膈肌的刺激、切口疼痛、神经反射刺激、肺动脉压增高等。

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Veterinarians say the bird lacks a gag reflex and their esophagus is lined with collagen, which makes it insensitive to pain.

CNN: Foie gras causes uproar