These are consistent with the fact that nitridation induces a high oxide charge density.

这个结果和氮化会导致高密度氧化层电荷的事实相一致。

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Thus, the relationships of oxide charge generation, including electron trapping and hole trapping effects, with different stress voltages and channel lengths are analyzed.

然后对不同应力电压、不同沟道长度下氧化层陷阱电荷（包括空穴和电子陷阱俘获）的产生做了进一步的分析。

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Traditional cameras use either charge-coupled devices (CCDs) or complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chips, which capture images on a grid of millions of pixels.

FORBES: Magazine Article

Apart from the arrival of less pricey full-frame digital SLRs, the other recent development that has impressed your correspondent is the way imaging chips are migrating from CCD (charge-coupled device) technology to CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor), used widely in the computer industry.

ECONOMIST: A die-hard analog photographer goes digital