The technology to make a large area master with the grating of optically variable device (OVD) is role in holographic image embossing.

制作具有光变图像（OVD）光栅条纹的大面积全息原版，是激光图像无油墨印刷的核心技术之一。

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By analyzing the mathematical model of the OVD, its practical example is given, and it is very important to improve the efficiency of logistics distribution and reduce cost.

并在分析其数学模型的基础上，给出了实例分析，对提高物流配送效率和降低成本具有重要意义。

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These programs were not coordinated with regular IRS processes and this has led to much distress and extra expense for OVD program participants.

FORBES: IRS Notice Snafus? Yes, Even With Offshore Accounts