Q.What is the connection between migraine and patent foramen ovale?

偏头痛与卵圆孔未闭有什么联系？

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There are four types of human malaria: Plasmodium vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale and P. falciparum.

疟疾有四种类型：间日疟原虫、三日疟原虫、卵形疟原虫和恶性疟原虫。

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For both P. vivax and P. ovale, clinical relapses may occur weeks to months after the first infection, even if the patient has left the malarious area.

至于间日疟和卵形疟，即使患者已经离开疟疾流行区，仍可能会在初次感染数周至数月后临床复发。

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This hole is either a heart defect (atrial septal defect) or an enlarged natural opening (foramen ovale) that is supposed to close soon after birth.

CNN: Tricuspid atresia

Some of them may interpret the data as supporting closure of a patent foramen ovale as a viable therapeutic option, even while conceding the failure of trials to show the superiority of closure over medical therapy.

FORBES: Controversial PFO Closure Trials Published In NEJM

The PC T rial (Clinical Trial Comparing Percutaneous Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale Using the Amplatzer PFO Occluder with Medical Treatment in Patients with Cryptogenic Embolism) randomized 414 patients with PFO who had had an ischemic stroke, TIA, or a peripheral thromboembolic event to either medical therapy or PFO closure with the Amplatzer PFO Occluder.

FORBES: Controversial PFO Closure Trials Published In NEJM