Based onDEAapproach and through building a system of input-outputindicators, this paper estimates and evaluatesthe typicalsituationofwater and soilerosiongoverning.
Again, however, official output figures, based on indicators such as the number of doctors and hospital beds, fail to take account of higher quality, so growth is understated.
The NBER uses key monthly indicators of economic output, including employment, industrial production, real personal income, and wholesale and retail sales - to determine when economic growth has turned negative, rather than relying solely on two quarterly declines in GDP.