Activity-based costing(ABC)is an important concept in Management Accounting, and the same is true with input-output analysis in Statistics.

正如作业成本是管理会计学中的重要概念，投入产出分析也是统计学中的重要概念。

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At the communal level - so the thinking goes - everything is a wash, and we're just changing the distribution of "total output" based on which people were frugal and which were spendthrifts.

这种想法源于公有制，在公有制的情况下，所有财产都是一个整体，我们需要的只是根据人们需求的多寡而对“总产出”的分配作出调整而已。

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The goal of performance tuning is to improve the output based on certain hardware.

性能调优的目的是改进特定硬件的输出。

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Services is the vehicle we're using to move the company to a world that is much more content-based than just hardware-output-based.

FORBES: Face To Face

And to ensure smart grids enable the low-carbon future, regulated utilities must be given output-based incentives that fairly reward them for delivering future capacity to support renewables and the electrification of the heating and transport sectors.

FORBES: Hard Lessons For Smart Grids

Under the PPP route the specification is "output" based - the authority will specify the level of service it wants delivered and leave the private sector to decide on the best way to deliver that particular service.

BBC: How private bids work