So the 3 s 1, or any of the other electrons that are in the outer-most shell, those are what we call our valence electrons, and those are where all the excitement happens.

它们是经常发生激发情况的,那也是我们所看到，我们称之为价电子，它们是经常发生激发情况的。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Whereas for fluorine, fluorine is smaller than f minus is the one that's the outer shell shown here.

而对于氟来说，氟原子更小,与外部壳层在这的负一价氟离子相比。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And, these outer shell electrons are termed valence electrons.

这些外层电子被,称作价电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

The outer shell has plenty of ventilation to hopefully send that sweat skyward.

NPR: Subzero Biker Checks In

The laser, which made a rapid-fire popping sound, cut cleanly and quickly through the outer shell of a hard-boiled egg.

WSJ: To Cut Tooth Decay: A Laser vs. a Drill

In essence, the idea is that the only thing really phone-like in a phone anymore is the outer shell: inside is a laptop waiting to break free.

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