Germanium has only four outer electrons, so each phosphorous gives us an extra electron, Kimerling says.

锗则只含4个外层电子，“所以每个磷原子给我们一个额外的电子，”Kimerling说。

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Elements in the first column all have one electron in their outermost shell. Those in the second column have two outer electrons, and so on.

第一列元素最外电子层内均有一个电子，第二列元素则含有两个电子，依此类推。

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Colour-enhanced scanning electron micro-graph of the split end of a human hair showing the outer cuticle layer surrounding the inner cortical layer.

色彩效果增强的人类断裂头发尾部电子显微照显示外面的表皮层包裹着里面的皮质层。

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So basically, that means one electron in an s orbital in their outer-most most shell.

因此基本上,这意味着那个在，s，轨道上价电子是最外层的。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

WIMPS. The more massive members of each lepton pair are the electrically charged electron (the outer constituent of atoms) and two other particles that resemble electrons in all measurable ways except that they are heavier, and are unstable in today's modern universe.

ECONOMIST: Particle physics makes sense, but it assumes too much

Theory predicts that when cosmic rays (fast particles coming from outer space) collide with air molecules in the upper atmosphere, they should yield twice as many muon neutrinos as electron neutrinos.

ECONOMIST: Neutrinos