Studying these will test the hypothesis that modern shells are more efficient than ancient ones, and thus out-competed them.

通过这些研究可以检验一种假设：即现代壳体要比古代壳体更为有效，从而用前者取代后者。

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Wanting to out-design Giugiaro, the Italians, Robert Brunner of Apple’s Industrial Design Group/Lunar Design competed against the February 1990 people’s choice design (pictured directly above).

意大利人Robert Brunner希望能超越Giugiaro获得1990年2月份“最受用户欢迎”的设计作品（如上图所示），他是苹果工业设计小组兼Lunar Design设计顾问公司成员。

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In many urban areas, Italian and Chinese restaurants competed with early hamburger outlets for take-out customers.

在很多市区内，意大利餐馆和中国餐馆与早期的汉堡店争夺购买外卖食品的顾客。

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Because they're trying to, they're competing for voters who happen to be close, or running out of gas at those moments, and by crowding together they avoid being out competed by each other in terms of position.

因为他们试图,他们都为了拉拢附近客源或是那些,刚刚耗完汽油的顾客而相互竞争,它们通过挤在一起,避免自己因为选址的问题而被淘汰出局

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

"Europe is being out-competed, out-invested and out-innovated, " he said.

BBC: David Cameron wants European Union reformer legacy

Cultural groups that found effective ways to bind non-kin together out-competed groups that were less cohesive.

CNN: Why we love to lose ourselves in religion

Studying these will test the hypothesis that modern shells are more efficient than ancient ones, and thus out-competed them.

ECONOMIST: Robots