He keys in four digits and passes it my way: 1878. The year the Bulgarians were finally liberated from Ottoman rule.

他在手机上键入四个数字然后递给我：1878，那一年保加利亚人终于从奥特曼统治下解放出来。

youdao

Bushy mustaches had been synonymous with manhood in Iraqsince the 16th century, a remnant of Ottoman rule in Mesopotamia.

自16世纪在土耳其民族统治的美索不达米亚地区残存的伊拉克，浓密的胡子早已被视为男子气概的体现。

youdao

Ottoman Turks built the Skull Tower after a bloody battle in 1809, decorating it with severed heads of Serbian soldiers who rose against Turkish rule.

1809年一场血雨腥风的战争过后，土耳其人建立了这座骷髅塔，用揭竿而起的反对土耳其统治的塞尔维亚战士之头骨装饰而成。

youdao

Their forefathers may have converted to Islam under Ottoman rule, but behind closed doors they kept their old Catholic practices.

ECONOMIST: A surprising story of Muslim converts to Christianity

Under Ottoman rule, it is believed this rock was used to execute people - marching them to the end of the platform, then pushing them off to meet their grizzly death on the rocks of the valley far below.

BBC: Part II: The road to Bethlehem

On that day the musketry and artillery of Selim the Grim, the Ottoman sultan, blasted to shreds the sword-wielding cavalry of Egypt's 250-year-old Mamluk sultanate, opening the way to 400 years of Ottoman Turkish rule over all but the peripheries of the Arab world.

ECONOMIST: The history of the Arabic-speaking peoples