Essentially engineering is a target-oriented activity and process which features the change from subjective human thinking to objective existence.

工程本质上是具有价值取向的主体作用于客体、主观思维物化为客观实体的一种目标导向的活动和过程。

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When we are exclusively goal oriented, we view the activity required to achieve the goal as a necessary evil, so we perform it in the most minimal way that we think will be acceptable.

当我们完全以目标为导向时，我们将达到目标所需要进行的活动视作必要之恶，所以我们在可接受的范围内尽可能少地花力气在过程上面。

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In activity-oriented services, the operations are the center of attention, with a single operation for each activity the client might request to be performed.

在面向活动服务中，对客户端请求执行的每个活动的单一操作来说，操作是关注的中心。

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Electrodes attached to the brain of a host "encoder" rat in Brazil processed the motor-oriented mental activity for a desired behavior, such as pressing a lever on cue, and converted it into a signal that was then received by a "decoder" rat as far away as Duke's US campus.

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