这是大规模集团在集体行动过程中不可避免的“组织失灵”(Organization Failure)结果。换言之,对于中国劳动力集体来说,仅仅靠他们自然演化的结果是难以形成在契约谈判上的较高的讨价还价能力的。
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buffer organization failure 中介失灵
nonprofit organization failure 与非营利组织失灵
non-profit organization failure 非营利组织失灵
Accordingly,the supply and diffusion system of IGT has multi-failures: market failure and organization failure of supply system,with institution failure and market failure of diffusion system.
在此基础上,提出了市场机制下产业共性技术供给的"组织失灵"和"市场失灵"以及扩散的"制度失灵"和"市场失灵"。
参考来源 - 产业共性技术供给和扩散的多重失灵·2,447,543篇论文数据,部分数据来源于NoteExpress
Iconoclasts face alienation and failure, but can also be a major asset to any organization.
反传统者面临着被疏远和失败的处境,但他们也可能成为任何组织的主要资产。
Its thorough failure reminds us that crisis may mean the extinction of the organization itself. Its cost could not be tested by cost-benefit formulas.
它们以自己彻底失败的表现提醒我们危机暗含组织灭绝的成本,它不是可以用成本收益公式来验算的。
In other words, this was a contest where the success of your pet organization to make it to the top 100 was dependent on the failure of millions others.
换句话说,这场比赛的成功在于你喜爱的机构能否进入前100名,而这又取决于数百万其他竞争对手的失败。
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