In the traditional economic lot-size models, there exists a common assumption that the holding cost is fixed and inflexible during every order cycle.

传统的经济批量模型通常都假定物品的库存费用是固定不变的。

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Traditional deterministic economic Lot-Size models assume that the demand rate is a constant, that the order cost is inflexible during every order cycle.

传统的确定性经济批量模型通常都假定需求率是常数，且每周期的相关费用是固定不变的。

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To coordinate order cycle as well as annual demand efficiently in the supply chain, two strategies were proposed: Common Replenishment Epochs(CRE) and split of total freight.

该协调运用了共同补给期和分担运输费用的双重策略，分别从订货周期及年需求量的角度协调供应链订货。

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Vaccination campaigns need to treat everyone who comes in contact with an infected individual in order to break the cycle of transmission.

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She said in order to break the cycle some people need to hit a critical point where it's "stop drinking or die".

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The shorter the order-to-delivery cycle, the lower the costs of carrying stocks of finished cars.

ECONOMIST: Fighting back