But how to maximize the payoff of each side, or say, how to find an equilibrium in the licensing process is a standard principle-agent problem.

但在授权过程当中如何能使授权各方都能达到自己的最大利润，也就是如何去寻找一个均衡。

youdao

No one is forcing anyone to participate in the program (it's not like you need Apple's permission to make an iPod accessory), and it's completely normal (and expected) for manufacturers to drop a little coin for the licensing rights for a logo or to pay for the certification process, but a 10% cut?

ENGADGET: Apple wants a 10% cut of all Made for iPod accessories